Session 08
Slides 1-4
IELTS writing is a test that measures your ability to write in English for academic or general purposes. The test consists of two tasks: task 1, where you have to describe, summarize, or explain some visual information, such as a graph, chart, table, or diagram; and task 2, where you have to write an essay on a given topic, such as an opinion, a problem, or a situation.
Words & Expressions
Verbs to describe data on pie charts
- Comprises
Example: The chart comprises five different categories of expenses.
- Represents
Example: The blue segment represents the highest proportion of the total sales.
- Constitutes
Example: The category of “entertainment” constitutes a significant portion of the expenditure.
- Forms
Example: The red section forms a substantial part of the overall distribution.
- Accounts for
Example: The green segment accounts for the majority of the company’s revenue.
- Occupies
Example: The “other” category occupies a small portion of the chart.
- Consists of
Example: The chart consists of various components, each representing a different aspect of the data.
- Incorporates
Example: The chart incorporates data from multiple sources, providing a comprehensive overview.
- Makes up
Example: The “miscellaneous” category makes up a minor portion of the chart.
- Includes
Example: The chart includes data from the past five years, illustrating long-term trends.
Well-structured examples for Adverbs in Charts or Graphs
- Well:
The company’s profits performed well, steadily increasing over the past five years.
- Rapidly:
The population of the city has been rapidly growing since the introduction of new employment opportunities.
- Marginally:
The sales of the product increased marginally in the last quarter, showing a slight upward trend.
- Slightly:
The number of customer complaints decreased slightly after the implementation of the new customer service system.
- Approximately:
Approximately 80% of the respondents indicated satisfaction with the new product features.
- Exactly:
The survey results revealed that exactly 50% of the participants preferred the new design over the previous one.
- Constantly:
The demand for renewable energy sources has been constantly increasing in recent years.
- Badly:
The company’s stock performance fared badly during the economic downturn.
- Slowly:
The rate of deforestation has been slowly decreasing due to conservation efforts.
- Considerably:
The company’s market share has increased considerably since the launch of its new advertising campaign.
- Significantly:
The investment in technology led to a significantly higher productivity rate in the manufacturing sector.
- Partially:
The new regulations have partially impacted the overall cost structure of the industry.
- Completely:
The renovation of the office space completely transformed the working environment.
- Erratically:
The stock prices fluctuated erratically throughout the trading day.
- Twice the size of
Example: The population of City A is twice the size of City B.
2. As many as
Example: The company has produced as many units this year as it did last year.
3. Not as much as
Example: The total revenue from the new product line is not as much as projected.
4. Almost the same amount
Example: The number of participants in the two events was almost the same amount.
5. Nearly double the number of
Example: The sales figures for this quarter are nearly double the number of sales from the previous quarter.
6. Half the size of
Example: The budget for the project is half the size of what was originally planned.
7. More than
Example: The number of attendees at the conference was more than expected.
8.Less than
Example: The amount of rainfall this year is less than the average for this region.
9. Equal to
Example: The number of votes for each candidate was equal to the number of eligible voters.
10. A fraction of
Example: The cost of the new equipment is only a fraction of the total project budget.
a list of popular expressions to describe location:
1. Next to the park
2. Across from the supermarket
3. Adjacent to the school
4. Alongside the beach
5. At the top of the hill
6. Behind the library
7. Below the bridge
8. Above the clouds
9. Amidst the chaos
10. Among the trees
11. Around the corner
12. At the edge of the forest
13. At the foot of the mountain
14. At the heart of the city
15. At the intersection
16. At the mouth of the river
17. At the center of town
18. At the end of the road
19. Between the mountains
20. By the lake
21. Close to the airport
22. Down the street
23. In front of the cinema
24. In the middle of nowhere
25. Inside the building
26. Near the train station
27. On the outskirts of town
28. Opposite the church
29. Outside the museum
30. Overlooking the valley
31. Throughout the city
32. Underneath the bridge
33. Within the neighborhood
34. Up the hill
35. Down by the river
36. Across the street
37. At the back of the house
38. Beside the garden
39. Inside the cave
40. At the entrance of the park
41. At the crossroads
42. At the bend in the river
43. At the mouth of the cave
44. At the top of the tower
45. By the roadside
46. In the heart of the forest
47. On the edge of the desert
48. On the other side of the island
49. Upstairs in the attic
Alternative ways to paraphrase the given sentences:
1. By 2005, the block of flats had been turned into a hotel, (passive)
2. By 2005, the block of flats had made way for a hotel, (active)
3. The block of flats had been transformed into a hotel by 2005.
4. By 2005, a hotel had replaced the block of flats.
5. By 2005, the block of flats had given space to a hotel.
6. A hotel had taken the place of the block of flats by 2005.
به انگلیسی بنویسید
• نمودار دایره ای توزیع سهم بازار را بین چهار برند گوشی هوشمند در سال 2020 نشان می دهد. سامسونگ با 40 درصد بیشترین سهم را داشت در حالی که اپل، هوآوی و شیائومی به ترتیب 25، 20 و 15 درصد سهم داشتند.
• نمودار دایره ای ترکیب مخارج خانوار را در سال 2020 نشان می دهد. بزرگترین دسته مسکن بود که 30 درصد از کل هزینه ها را به خود اختصاص داد و پس از آن غذا (25 درصد)، حمل و نقل (15 درصد) و سرگرمی (10 درصد) قرار گرفتند. 20 درصد باقیمانده بین دسته های دیگر مانند بهداشت، آموزش و پوشاک تقسیم شد.
Life Cycle
The life cycle of a butterfly is a fascinating process that involves four stages: egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult. Each stage has a different goal and a different appearance. The butterfly undergoes a complete metamorphosis, which means that it changes its body shape and structure completely as it grows. 🐛
The egg is the first stage of the life cycle. The female butterfly lays her eggs on a specific plant that the caterpillar will eat. The eggs are very small and hard to see. They hatch after a few days or weeks, depending on the species. 🥚
The larva is the second stage of the life cycle. The larva is also called a caterpillar. The caterpillar is a voracious eater that consumes the leaves of the host plant. The caterpillar grows rapidly and sheds its skin several times. The caterpillar has a segmented body with six legs and several pairs of prolegs. The caterpillar also has a pair of antennae and a pair of eyespots. 🐛
The pupa is the third stage of the life cycle. The pupa is also called a chrysalis. The chrysalis is a protective casing that the caterpillar forms around itself. The chrysalis is usually attached to a twig or a leaf. Inside the chrysalis, the caterpillar undergoes a remarkable transformation. The caterpillar’s body breaks down and reorganizes into a new form: the adult butterfly. The chrysalis can be various colors and shapes, depending on the species. 🌿
The adult is the final stage of the life cycle. The adult is also called a butterfly. The butterfly emerges from the chrysalis after a few days or weeks, depending on the species. The butterfly has a pair of wings, a pair of antennae, and a long proboscis. The wings are covered with colorful scales that form patterns and markings. The butterfly uses its proboscis to sip nectar from flowers. The butterfly can also fly and mate. The butterfly completes the life cycle by laying eggs and starting a new generation.
You can use the following questions to guide your writing in each part:
Introduction: What is the topic of your article? What is the main question or problem that you want to explore? What is the purpose of your article? How will you engage the reader’s attention and interest?
Exploration: What are the facts and details that you learned about your topic? How did you collect and analyze the information? What are the key terms and concepts that you need to explain? How will you present the information in a clear and logical way?
Explanation: What are the main ideas and conclusions that you want to communicate to the reader? How do you connect the facts and details to the main question or problem? How do you answer the question or solve the problem? How will you support your claims with evidence and examples?
Conclusion: What are the implications and applications of your findings? How do they relate to the real world or to your own experience? What are the limitations or challenges of your research? What are the questions or suggestions for further inquiry?
Here is a list of some main words and expressions of my article:
Life cycle: The series of changes that an organism undergoes from birth to reproduction.
Butterfly: A flying insect with four colorful wings and a long proboscis.
Egg: The first stage of the life cycle, where the female butterfly lays her eggs on a specific plant.
Larva: The second stage of the life cycle, also called a caterpillar, where the larva eats the leaves of the host plant and grows rapidly.
Pupa: The third stage of the life cycle, also called a chrysalis, where the pupa forms a protective casing and undergoes a complete metamorphosis.
Adult: The final stage of the life cycle, also called a butterfly, where the adult emerges from the chrysalis and can fly, mate, and lay eggs.
Metamorphosis: The process of changing the body shape and structure completely from one stage to another.
Proboscis: The long, flexible tube that the butterfly uses to sip nectar from flowers.
Scales: The tiny, flat structures that cover the wings of the butterfly and form patterns and markings.
Pollinators: Animals that transfer pollen from one flower to another, helping plants reproduce.
Indicators: Animals that reflect the health and quality of their environment.
Practice at home on these materials
سلف اُستادی، برای ساعاتی که در کلاس نیستی، با همان دقت و همان کیفیت!