Writing Course
Writing pro

Session 02

Introduction

Assessment Criteria

part 1 - cohesion

Cohesion & Coherence

Slide 01 - poor example

Reading is good for you. You can learn new words and grammar. You can write better. You can know more things. You can think better. Reading can make you relax. You can remember more. You can focus more. Reading is fun and good.

Slide 02

This paragraph has poor cohesion because it does not use any words or phrases that connect the sentences and show the relationship between the ideas. It just lists the benefits of reading without any explanation or transition. It also repeats the same words and pronouns (you, can, reading) too many times, which makes the paragraph boring and monotonous.

Slide 03 - poor example

Reading is one of the most beneficial activities that anyone can do. It can improve your vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. Therefore, reading is not only enjoyable, but also educational and beneficial for your personal and professional development. Reading can also expand your knowledge, stimulate your imagination, and enhance your critical thinking. It can also reduce your stress, improve your memory, and increase your concentration. Reading is one of the most beneficial activities that anyone can do.

Slide 04

This paragraph has poor cohesion because it uses words and phrases that connect the sentences and show the relationship between the ideas incorrectly or excessively. It uses linking words such as also and therefore in the wrong places or too many times, which makes the paragraph confusing and redundant. It also uses reference words such as it and your ambiguously or inconsistently, which makes the paragraph unclear and vague.

Slide 05 - strong

Reading is one of the most beneficial activities that anyone can do. It can improve your vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. It can also expand your knowledge, stimulate your imagination, and enhance your critical thinking. Reading can also reduce your stress, improve your memory, and increase your concentration. Therefore, reading is not only enjoyable, but also educational and beneficial for your personal and professional development.

Slide 06

This paragraph has good cohesion because it uses words and phrases that connect the sentences and show the relationship between the ideas. For example, it uses linking words such as also, therefore, and not only … but also to add more information and emphasize the main point. It also uses reference words such as it and your to avoid repetition and refer back to the previous sentences.

اسلاید قبلی
اسلاید بعدی

Cohesion refers to the way you connect your sentences and paragraphs using words and phrases that show the relationship between your ideas. For example, you can use linking words (such as however, therefore, moreover, etc.), reference words (such as this, that, these, those, etc.), substitution words (such as one, ones, so, etc.), and ellipsis (omitting words that are not necessary) to create cohesion in your writing.

منابع
دانلود

Exam Samples

part 2 - Coherence

Cohesion & Coherence

Slide 01 - poor example

Reading is good for you. You can learn new words and grammar. You can write better. You can know more things. You can think better. Reading can make you relax. You can remember more. You can focus more. Reading is fun and good.

Slide 02

This paragraph has poor coherence because it does not have a clear and logical organization and structure. It does not have a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. It does not have supporting sentences that provide details and examples to support the main idea. It does not have a concluding sentence that summarizes the main point and reinforces the topic sentence. It is just a random collection of sentences that are not well-organized or well-developed.

Slide 03 - poor example

Reading is one of the most beneficial activities that anyone can do. It can improve your vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. Therefore, reading is not only enjoyable, but also educational and beneficial for your personal and professional development. Reading can also expand your knowledge, stimulate your imagination, and enhance your critical thinking. It can also reduce your stress, improve your memory, and increase your concentration. Reading is one of the most beneficial activities that anyone can do.

Slide 04

This paragraph has poor coherence because it has a circular and repetitive organization and structure. It has a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph, but it repeats the same topic sentence at the end of the paragraph, which makes the paragraph redundant and ineffective. It has supporting sentences that provide details and examples to support the main idea, but they are not arranged in a logical or meaningful order, which makes the paragraph confusing and disjointed. It does not have a concluding sentence that summarizes the main point and reinforces the topic sentence, but rather repeats the topic sentence, which makes the paragraph weak and unoriginal.

Slide 05 - strong

Reading is one of the most beneficial activities that anyone can do. It can improve your vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. It can also expand your knowledge, stimulate your imagination, and enhance your critical thinking. Reading can also reduce your stress, improve your memory, and increase your concentration. Therefore, reading is not only enjoyable, but also educational and beneficial for your personal and professional development.

Slide 04

This paragraph has good coherence because it has a clear and logical organization and structure. It has a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph (Reading is one of the most beneficial activities that anyone can do). It has supporting sentences that provide details and examples to support the main idea. It also has a concluding sentence that summarizes the main point and reinforces the topic sentence (Therefore, reading is not only enjoyable, but also educational and beneficial for your personal and professional development).

اسلاید قبلی
اسلاید بعدی

Coherence refers to the way you organize your ideas and present them in a clear and logical way that is easy to follow for the reader. For example, you can use paragraphing (dividing your text into paragraphs with one main idea each), signposting (using words and phrases that indicate the purpose and direction of your writing), and topic sentences (starting each paragraph with a sentence that summarizes the main idea) to create coherence in your writing.

منابع
دانلود

Exam Samples

part 3 - Methods

Cohesion & Coherence

To achieve cohesion and coherence in your writing, you should:

Plan your writing before you start. Think of the main topic, the purpose, the audience, and the tone of your writing. Make an outline of the main points and supporting details you want to include.

Use a variety of words and phrases to connect your ideas. Avoid repeating the same words or using too many linking words. Choose the words and phrases that best suit the meaning and context of your writing.

Use reference words and substitution words correctly. Make sure they refer back to the right words or ideas in the previous sentences or paragraphs. Avoid ambiguity and confusion for the reader.

Use ellipsis sparingly and appropriately. Only omit words that are obvious or redundant from the context. Do not omit words that are essential for the meaning or grammar of your writing.

Divide your writing into paragraphs with one main idea each. Use indentation or spacing to separate your paragraphs. Do not make your paragraphs too long or too short.

Use signposting to guide the reader through your writing. Use words and phrases that indicate the introduction, the body, the conclusion, the sequence, the contrast, the comparison, the cause, the effect, the example, the opinion, etc. of your writing.

Use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph. Make sure they summarize the main idea of the paragraph and relate to the overall topic and purpose of your writing. Do not include irrelevant or unnecessary information in your topic sentences.

Homework

Practice at home on these materials

IELTS EXAMS

Volume 11

  • Test 1 Writing task 2 – Body paragraphs
  • Test 2 Writing task 2 – Body paragraphs
  • Test 3 Writing task 2 – Body paragraphs
  • Test 4 Writing task 2 – Body paragraphs

Review

Lesson above

  • Complete any unfinished tasks 
  • Listen again and read the text
  • Ask your questions 

منابع آموزشی

پخش ویدیو
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