Present Perfect Simple
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Present Perfect Simple
The Present Perfect Tense in English
The present perfect tense in English is used to describe actions or situations that happened at an unspecified time before now, or actions that started in the past and are still relevant.
Structure:
• Have/Has + past participle
Examples:
• I have eaten lunch.
• She has finished her homework.
• They have traveled to Japan.
When to use:
1. Unfinished time periods: Today, this week, so far, recently
○ I have seen him today.
2. Experience: Tell about experiences in life
○ Have you tried sushi?
3. Recent actions: Actions just completed
○ She has just left the room.
4. Actions with results: Focus on the result
○ The car has broken down.
Part 2
Negative Form in Present Perfect
• Structure:
○ Subject + have/has + not + past participle
○ Contractions:
I haven’t (have not)
She hasn’t (has not)
• Examples:
○ I haven’t seen that movie.
○ They haven’t finished their homework.
○ He hasn’t visited his grandparents.
Part 3
Question Forms in Present Perfect
• Structure:
○ Have/Has + subject + past participle?
○ Example:
Have you visited Italy?
Has she started her new job?
• Yes/No Questions:
○ Expect a yes or no answer.
○ Examples:
Yes, I have.
No, she hasn’t.
• Wh-questions:
○ Use question words like what, where, when, why, how with the auxiliary:
What have you done today?
Where has he gone?
Part 4
Use of since and for
Since
Indicates the starting point of an action or state
Use with Specific points in time: a date, year, or moment
Examples:
– I have lived here since 2010. (The starting point was 2010)
– They haven’t eaten since breakfast.
Part 5
Use of since and for
For
Indicates the duration of an action or state
Use with Length of time: hours, days, years
Examples:
– I have lived here for 10 years.
– She has been working for 3 hours.
– They have been waiting for an hour.
Part 6
Additional Tips:
• “Since” is always followed by a specific point in time.
• “For” is always followed by a period of time.